Reprise

For other uses, see Reprise (disambiguation).

In music, a reprise (pron.: /rəˈpriːz/ rə-PREEZ; from French) is the repetition or reiteration of the opening material later in a composition as occurs in the recapitulation of sonata form, though—originally in the 18th century—was simply any repeated section, such as is indicated by beginning and ending repeat signs.

Song reprises

Reprise can refer to a version of a song which is similar to, yet different from, the song on which it is based.^{citation needed} For instance, The Beatles had both "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" and "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (Reprise)" on their 1967 album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band.

A reprise can also refer to a song (usually in the house genre) without a kick drum; meaning that all elements of the song are still existant & audible except for the beat of the song itself.

Music theater

In musical theatre, reprises are any repetition of an earlier song or theme, usually with changed lyrics to reflect the development of the story. Also, it is common for songs sung by the same character or regarding the same narrative motif to have similar tunes and lyrics, or incorporate similar tunes and lyrics. For example, in the stage version of Les Misérables, a song of the primary antagonist ("Javert's Suicide") is similar in lyrics and exactly the same in tune to a soliloquy of the protagonist when he was in a similar emotional state ("What Have I Done?"). At the end of the song, an instrumental portion is played from an earlier soliloquy of the antagonist, in which he was significantly more confident. Les Misérables in general reprises many musical themes.^{citation needed}

Often the reprised version of a song has exactly the same tune and lyrics as the original, though frequently featuring different characters singing or including them with the original character in the reprised version. For example, in The Sound of Music, the reprise of the title song is sung by the Von Trapp children and their father, the Captain; whereas the original was sung by Maria. In "Edelweiss" (reprise), the entire Von Trapp family and Maria sing and are later joined by the audience, whereas the original features Liesl and the Captain.^{citation needed}

Also, in the musical The Music Man, the love song "Goodnight My Someone" uses the same basic melody (though with a more ballad quality to it) as the rousing march and theme song "Seventy-Six Trombones"; in the reprised versions, Harold and Marian are heard singing a snatch of each other's songs.^{citation needed} And in Jerome Kern and Oscar Hammerstein II's Show Boat, the song "Ol' Man River" is reprised three times after it is first sung, as if it were a commentary on the situation in the story.^{citation needed} In some musicals, a reprise of an earlier song is sung by a different character from the one who originally sang it, with different lyrics.

In literature

Since postmodernism, the term reprise has been borrowed from musical terminology to be used in literary criticism by Christian Moraru:

[...] with postmodern authors or scriptors, representation-as-repetition challenges representation-as-origination. They set forth the alternate model of an esthétique du recyclage [...] Anything but "neoclassical" or humbly imitative, driven by a complex cultural-aesthetic agenda, this model plays upon discriminate and polemical "repetition," upon a critical reprise, to borrow—or reprise, in my turn—a term from music and adapt it to underscore the strategic difference toward which postmodernism's repetitive acts are frequently geared. [...] postmodernism's self-acknowledged reprises ever so oftern surprise us with their unexpected plot twists, media mixes, and oder deflections, inflections, and irreverent revisions, both textual and contextual, sociocultural.

—Christian Moraru, 

From the postmodern perspective, reprise is a fundamental device in the whole history of art.

See also

• Cover version, a new version of a song originated by a different artist.