October 28

October 28 in recent years

October 28 is the 301st day of the year (302nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 64 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

97 – Emperor Nerva is forced by the Praetorian Guard to adopt general Marcus Ulpius Trajanus as his heir and successor.
306 – Maxentius is proclaimed Roman Emperor.
312 – Battle of Milvian Bridge: Constantine I defeats Maxentius, becoming the sole Roman emperor.
456 – The Visigoths brutally sack the Suebi's capital of Braga (Portugal), churches are burnt to the ground.
969 – Byzantine general Michael Bourtzes seizes part of Antioch's fortifications. The capture of the city from the Arabs is completed three days later, when reinforcements under Peter Phokas arrive.
1061 – Empress Agnes, acting as regent for her son, brings about the election of bishop Cadalus, the antipope Honorius II.
1516 – Battle of Yaunis Khan: Turkish forces under the Grand Vizier Sinan Pasha defeat the Mameluks near Gaza.
1531 – Battle of Amba Sel: Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi again defeats the army of Lebna Dengel, Emperor of Ethiopia. The southern part of Ethiopia falls under Imam Ahmad's control.
1538 – The first university in the New World, the Universidad Santo Tomás de Aquino, is established.
1628 – The Siege of La Rochelle, which had lasted for 14 months, ends with the surrender of the Huguenots.
1636 – A vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony establishes the first college in what would become the United States, today known as Harvard University.
1664 – The Duke of York and Albany's Maritime Regiment of Foot, later to be known as the Royal Marines, is established.
1707 – The 1707 Hōei earthquake causes more than 5,000 deaths in Honshu, Shikoku and Kyūshū, Japan
1775 – American Revolutionary War: A British proclamation forbids residents from leaving Boston.
1776 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of White Plains – British Army forces arrive at White Plains, attack and capture Chatterton Hill from the Americans.
1834 – The Battle of Pinjarra is fought in the Swan River Colony in present-day Pinjarra, Western Australia. Between 14 and 40 Aborigines are killed by British colonists.
1835 – The United Tribes of New Zealand is established with the signature of the Declaration of Independence.
1848 – The first railroad in Spain – between Barcelona and Mataró – is opened.
1864 – American Civil War: The Battle of Fair Oaks & Darbytown Road (also known as the Second Battle of Fair Oaks) ends – Union forces under General Ulysses S. Grant withdraw from Fair Oaks, Virginia, after failing to breach the Confederate defenses around Richmond, Virginia.
1886 – In New York Harbor, President Grover Cleveland dedicates the Statue of Liberty.
1891 – The Mino-Owari earthquake, the largest inland earthquake in Japan's history, strikes Gifu Prefecture.
1893 – Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 6 in B Minor, Pathétique, receives its première performance in St. Petersburg, only nine days before the composer's death.
1904 – Panama and Uruguay establishes diplomatic links.
1915 – Richard Strauss conducts the first performance of his tone poem Eine Alpensinfonie in Berlin.
1918 – World War I: Czechoslovakia is granted independence from Austria-Hungary marking the beginning of an independent Czechoslovak state, after 300 years.
1918 – A new Polish government in Western Galicia is established.
1919 – The U.S. Congress passes the Volstead Act over President Woodrow Wilson's veto, paving the way for Prohibition to begin the following January.
1922 – March on Rome: Italian fascists led by Benito Mussolini march on Rome and take over the Italian government.
1928 – Declaration of the Youth Pledge in Indonesia, the first time Indonesia Raya, now the national anthem, was sung.
1929 – Black Monday, a day in the Wall Street Crash of 1929, which also saw major stock market upheaval.
1940 – World War II: Greece rejects Italy's ultimatum. Italy invades Greece through Albania, marking Greece's entry into World War II.
1942 – The Alaska Highway (Alcan Highway) is completed through Canada to Fairbanks, Alaska.
1948 – Swiss chemist Paul Müller is awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the insecticidal properties of DDT.
1958 – John XXIII, is elected Pope.
1962 – End of Cuban missile crisis: Nikita Khrushchev orders the removal of Soviet missiles from Cuba.
1964 – Vietnam War: U.S. officials deny any involvement in bombing North Vietnam.
1965 – Nostra Aetate, the "Declaration on the Relation of the Church with Non-Christian Religions" of the Second Vatican Council, is promulgated by Pope Paul VI; it absolves the Jews of responsibility for the death of Jesus, reversing Innocent III's 760 year-old declaration.
1965 – Construction on the St. Louis Arch is completed.
1971 – Britain launches the satellite Prospero into low Earth orbit atop a Black Arrow carrier rocket, the only British satellite to date launched by a British rocket.
1982 – The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party wins elections, leading to the first Socialist government in Spain after death of Franco. Felipe Gonzalez becomes Prime Minister-elect.
1990 – The Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic holds the first multiparty legislature election in the country's history.
1995 – 289 people are killed and 265 injured in Baku Metro fire, the deadliest subway disaster.
1998 – An Air China jetliner is hijacked by disgruntled pilot Yuan Bin and flown to Taiwan.
2005 – Plame affair: Lewis Libby, Vice-president Dick Cheney's chief of staff, is indicted in the Valerie Plame case. Libby resigns later that day.
2006 – The funeral service takes place for those executed at Bykivnia forest, outside Kiev, Ukraine. 817 Ukrainian civilians (out of some 100,000) executed by Bolsheviks at Bykivnia in 1930s – early 1940s are reburied.
2006 – A group of angry activists of Bangladesh Awami League attacked one of their rival political party meeting in Dhaka with oars and sculls and killed their 14 activists.
2007 – Cristina Fernández de Kirchner becomes the first woman elected President of Argentina.
2009 – The 28 October 2009 Peshawar bombing kills 117 and wounds 213.
2009 – NASA successfully launches the Ares I-X mission, the only rocket launch for its later-cancelled Constellation program.

Births

1017 – Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1056)
1466 – Desiderius Erasmus, Dutch theologian and priest (d. 1536)
1510 – Francis Borgia, 4th Duke of Gandía, Spanish priest (d. 1572)
1585 – Cornelius Jansen, Dutch bishop (d. 1638)
1667 – Maria Anna of Neuburg (d. 1740)
1690 – Peter Tordenskjold, Norwegian navy officer (d. 1720)
1693 – Šimon Brixi, Czech composer (d. 1735)
1697 – Canaletto, Italian painter (d. 1768)
1703 – Antoine Deparcieux, French mathematician (d. 1768)
1718 – Ignacije Szentmartony, Croatian missionary (d. 1793)
1733 – Franz Ignaz von Beecke, German composer (d. 1803)
1767 – Marie Sophie of Hesse-Kassel (d. 1852)
1793 – Eliphalet Remington, American businessman, founded Remington Arms (d. 1861)
1804 – Pierre François Verhulst, Belgian mathematician (d. 1849)
1815 – Ľudovít Štúr, Slovak politician and author (d. 1856)
1837 – Tokugawa Yoshinobu, Japanese shogun (d. 1913)
1839 – Edward P. Allen, American politician (d. 1909)
1845 – Zygmunt Florenty Wróblewski, Polish physicist (d. 1888)
1846 – Georges Auguste Escoffier, French chef (d. 1935)
1854 – Jean-Marie Guyau, French philosopher and poet (d. 1888)
1860 – Jigoro Kano, Japanese martial artist (d. 1938)
1864 – Adolfo Camarillo, American-Mexican rancher and philanthropist (d. 1958)
1875 – Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor, American geographer (d. 1966)
1877 – Joe Adams, American baseball player (d. 1952)
1879 – Channing H. Cox, American politician, 49th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1968)
1881 – Vin Coutie, Australian footballer
1881 – Bruno Söderström, Swedish pole vaulter (d. 1969)
1884 – William Douglas Cook, New Zealand horticulturalist, founded Eastwoodhill Arboretum (d. 1967)
1885 – Velimir Khlebnikov, Russian poet (d. 1922)
1889 – Juliette Béliveau, Canadian actress and singer (d. 1975)
1891 – Ormer Locklear, American pilot (d. 1920)
1892 – Dink Johnson, American pianist (d. 1954)
1896 – Howard Hanson, American composer (d. 1981)
1897 – Edith Head, American costume designer (d. 1981)
1901 – Eileen Shanahan, Irish poet (d. 1979)
1902 – Elsa Lanchester, English-American actress (d. 1986)
1903 – John Chamberlain, American journalist (d. 1995)
1903 – Evelyn Waugh, English author and journalist (d. 1966)
1907 – John Hewitt, Irish poet (d. 1987)
1908 – Arturo Frondizi, Argentine politician, 32nd President of Argentina (d. 1995)
1909 – Francis Bacon, Irish painter (d. 1992)
1912 – Richard Doll, English physiologist (d. 2005)
1913 – Douglas Seale, English actor (d. 1999)
1914 – Glenn Robert Davis, American politician (d. 1988)
1914 – Jonas Salk, American biologist and physician (d. 1995)
1914 – Richard Laurence Millington Synge, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1994)
1916 – Pearl Hackney English actress (d. 2009)
1917 – Jack Soo, American actor (d. 1979)
1921 – Azumafuji Kin'ichi, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 40th Yokozuna (d. 1973)
1922 – Gershon Kingsley, German-American composer
1922 – Simon Muzenda, Zimbabwe politician, 1st Vice President of Zimbabwe (d. 2003)
1922 – Butch van Breda Kolff, American basketball player and coach (d. 2007)
1924 – Antonio Creus, Spanish race car driver (d. 1996)
1925 – Ian Hamilton Finlay, Scottish poet (d. 2006)
1926 – Bowie Kuhn, American lawyer and businessman (d. 2007)
1927 – Cleo Laine, British singer and actress
1927 – Roza Makagonova, Russian actress (d. 1995)
1928 – Iry LeJeune, American accordion player (d. 1955)
1928 – Ion Mihai Pacepa, Romanian general
1929 – Marcel Bozzuffi, French actor (d. 1988)
1929 – John Hollander, American poet
1929 – Joan Plowright, English actress
1930 – Bernie Ecclestone, English businessman
1932 – Spyros Kyprianou, Cypriot politician, 2nd President of Cyprus (d. 2002)
1932 – Suzy Parker, American actress (d. 2003)
1933 – Garrincha, Brazilian footballer (d. 1983)
1935 – Alan Clarke, English director (d. 1990)
1936 – Charlie Daniels, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1936 – Carl Davis, American-English conductor and composer
1937 – Lenny Wilkens, American basketball player and coach
1938 – Kenneth Best, Liberian journalist
1938 – Dave Budd, American basketball player
1938 – David Dimbleby, English journalist
1938 – Anne Perry, English author
1939 – Jane Alexander, American actress
1939 – Andy Bey, American singer and pianist
1939 – Miroslav Cerar, Yugoslav gymnast
1940 – Susan Harris, American scriptwriter and producer
1941 – John Hallam, Irish actor (d. 2006)
1941 – Curtis Lee, American singer-songwriter
1941 – Hank Marvin, English guitarist (The Shadows)
1942 – Abdelkader Fréha, Algerian footballer (d. 2012)
1942 – Kees Verkerk, Dutch speed skater
1943 – Cornelia Froboess, German actress and singer
1943 – Charo López, Spanish actress
1944 – Coluche, French actor (d. 1986)
1944 – Dennis Franz, American actor
1944 – Anton Schlecker, German businessman, founded the Schlecker Company
1945 – Elton Dean, English saxophonist (Soft Machine) (d. 2006)
1945 – Wayne Fontana, English singer (The Mindbenders)
1946 – John Hewson, Australian economist and politician
1946 – Wim Jansen, Dutch footballer and coach
1948 – Telma Hopkins, American singer and actress (Tony Orlando and Dawn)
1949 – Bruce Jenner, American decathlete and actor
1949 – Tracy Reed, American actress
1950 – Sihem Bensedrine, Tunisian activist
1950 – Ludo Delcroix, Belgian cyclist
1951 – Ronnie and Donnie Galyon, American conjoined twins
1952 – Annie Potts, American actress
1953 – Pierre Boivin, Canadian businessman
1953 – Desmond Child, American songwriter and producer
1955 – Bill Gates, American businessman, co-founded Microsoft
1955 – Indra Nooyi, Indian-American businesswoman
1956 – Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Iranian politician, 6th President of Iran
1956 – Dave Wyndorf, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Monster Magnet)
1956 – Volker Zotz, Austrian philosopher
1957 – Christian Berkel, German actor
1957 – Stephen Morris, English drummer (Joy Division, New Order, and The Other Two)
1957 – Zach Wamp, American politician
1958 – Ashok Chavan, Indian politician
1958 – William Reid, Scottish guitarist (The Jesus and Mary Chain)
1959 – James Keelaghan, Canadian singer-songwriter
1959 – Randy Wittman, American basketball player
1960 – Mark Derwin, American actor
1960 – Landon Curt Noll, American computer scientist
1962 – Scotty Nguyen, Vietnamese-American poker player
1962 – Erik Thorstvedt, Norwegian footballer
1962 – Daphne Zuniga, American actress
1963 – Lauren Holly, American actress
1963 – James Miller, American pilot (d. 2002)
1963 – Eros Ramazzotti, Italian singer-songwriter and guitarist
1963 – Sheryl Underwood, American comedian and talk show host
1964 – Onofrio Catacchio, Italian illustrator
1965 – Jami Gertz, American actress
1966 – Steve Atwater, American football player
1966 – Andy Richter, American comedian and actor
1966 – Aris Spiliotopoulos, Greek politician
1967 – Monica Chan, Hong Kong actress and model
1967 – Sophie, Hereditary Princess of Liechtenstein
1967 – Kevin Macdonald, Scottish director
1967 – Julia Roberts, American actress
1967 – John Romero, American video game designer, co-founded Id Software
1968 – Chris Broussard, American columnist
1968 – Caitlin Cary, American singer and violinist (Whiskeytown)
1968 – Marc Lièvremont, French rugby player and coach
1969 – Javier Grillo-Marxuach, Puerto Rican screenwriter and producer
1969 – Ben Harper, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Relentless7 and Fistful of Mercy)
1970 – Greg Eagles, American voice actor
1971 – Roxana Briban, Romanian doprano (d. 2010)
1971 – Leonidas Sabanis, Greek weightlifter
1972 – Terrell Davis, American football player
1972 – Brad Paisley, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1973 – Montel Vontavious Porter, American wrestler
1973 – Aleksandar Stanojević, Serbian footballer and manager
1974 – Braden Looper, American baseball player
1974 – Vicente Moreno, Spanish footballer
1974 – Joaquin Phoenix, American actor
1974 – Dejan Stefanović, Serbian footballer
1974 – Dayanara Torres, Puerto Rican actress and singer, Miss Universe 1993
1976 – Keiron Cunningham, Welsh rugby player
1976 – Simone Loria, Italian footballer
1977 – Lauren Woodland, American actress
1978 – Marta Etura, Spanish actress
1978 – Justin Guarini, American singer-songwriter and actor
1979 – Aki Hakala, Finnish drummer (The Rasmus)
1979 – Natina Reed, American rapper and actress (Blaque) (d. 2012)
1979 – Martin Škoula, Czech ice hockey player
1980 – Kanzi, American bonobo
1980 – Christy Hemme, American wrestler
1980 – Dimitri Liakopoulos, Greek actor
1980 – Agnes Obel, Danish singer-songwriter and pianist
1980 – Alan Smith, English footballer
1981 – Solomon Andargachew, Ethiopian footballer
1981 – Milan Baroš, Czech footballer
1981 – Nate McLouth, American baseball player
1981 – Nick Montgomery, English footballer
1982 – Jeremy Bonderman, American baseball player
1982 – Mai Kuraki, Japanese singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer
1982 – Anthony Lerew, American baseball player
1982 – Matt Smith, English actor
1983 – Jarrett Jack, American basketball player
1983 – Joe Thomas, English actor
1984 – Bryn Evans, New Zealand rugby player
1984 – Obafemi Martins, Nigerian footballer
1985 – Troian Bellisario, American actress
1986 – Anthony Griffith, English footballer
1986 – Aki Toyosaki, Japanese voice actress and singer
1987 – Frank Ocean, American singer-songwriter (Odd Future)
1988 – Edd Gould, English animator, founded Eddsworld (d. 2012)
1988 – Kim Un-Guk, North Korean weightlifter
1989 – Camille Muffat, French swimmer
1992 – Lexi Ainsworth, American actress
1996 – Jasmine Jessica Anthony, American actress
1997 – Sierra McCormick, American actress

Deaths

312 – Maxentius, Roman emperor (b. 278)
457 – Ibas of Edessa, Syrian bishop
1225 – Jien, Japanese monk, poet, and historian (b. 1155)
1312 – Elizabeth of Carinthia, Queen of Germany (b. 1262)
1412 – Margaret I of Denmark (b. 1353)
1485 – Rodolphus Agricola, Dutch humanist (b. 1443)
1568 – Ashikaga Yoshihide, Japanese shogun (b. 1539)
1639 – Stefano Landi, Italian composer (b. 1587)
1646 – William Dobson, English painter (b. 1610)
1661 – Agustín Moreto y Cavana, Spanish playwright (b. 1518)
1676 – Jean Desmarets, French writer (b. 1595)
1703 – John Wallis, English mathematician (b. 1616)
1704 – John Locke, English philosopher (b. 1632)
1708 – Prince George of Denmark (b. 1653)
1716 – Stephen Fox, English politician (b. 1627)
1740 – Anna of Russia (b. 1693)
1754 – Friedrich von Hagedorn, German poet (b. 1708)
1755 – Joseph Bodin de Boismortier, French composer (b. 1689)
1763 – Heinrich von Brühl, German politician (b. 1700)
1768 – Michel Blavet, French flute player and composer (b. 1700)
1787 – Johann Karl August Musäus, German author (b. 1735)
1792 – Paul Möhring, German physician and scientist (b. 1710)
1792 – John Smeaton, English engineer (b. 1724)
1800 – Artemas Ward, American politician and general (b. 1727)
1806 – Charlotte Turner Smith, English poet and author (b. 1749)
1818 – Abigail Adams, American wife of John Adams, 2nd First Lady of the United States (b. 1744)
1841 – Johan August Arfwedson, Swedish chemist (b. 1792)
1857 – Louis-Eugène Cavaignac, French general and politician, 26th Prime Minister of France (b. 1802)
1877 – Robert Swinhoe, English naturalist (b. 1835)
1879 – Marie Roch Louis Reybaud, French economist and politician (b. 1799)
1899 – Ottmar Mergenthaler, German-American inventor, invented the Linotype machine (b. 1854)
1900 – Max Müller, German philologist and orientalist (b. 1823)
1914 – Richard Heuberger, Austrian composer and critic (b. 1850)
1916 – Cleveland Abbe, American meteorologist (b. 1838)
1916 – Oswald Boelcke, German pilot (b. 1891)
1917 – Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (b. 1831)
1917 – Dimitrios Votsis, Greek politician (b. 1841)
1918 – Ulisse Dini, Italian mathematician (b. 1845)
1929 – Bernhard von Bülow, German politician, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1849)
1939 – Alice Brady, American actress (b. 1892)
1952 – Billy Hughes, Australian politician, 7th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1862)
1957 – Ernst Gräfenberg, German physician and scientist (b. 1881)
1959 – Camilo Cienfuegos, Cuban revolutionary leader (b. 1932)
1965 – Earl Bostic, American saxophonist (b. 1913)
1969 – Constance Dowling, American actress (b. 1920)
1970 – Baby Huey, American singer (Baby Huey & the Babysitters) (b. 1944)
1973 – Taha Hussein, Egyptian author (b. 1889)
1973 – Sergio Tofano, Italian actor (b. 1883)
1975 – Georges Carpentier, French boxer (b. 1894)
1975 – Oliver Nelson, American composer (b. 1932)
1986 – John Braine, English author (b. 1922)
1987 – André Masson, French painter (b. 1896)
1989 – Henry Hall, English bandleader, composer, and actor (b. 1898)
1990 – Erich Göstl German SS officer (b. 1925)
1997 – Paul Jarrico, American screenwriter (b. 1915)
1998 – Ted Hughes, English poet (b. 1930)
1999 – Antonios Katinaris, Greek singer (b. 1931)
2000 – Lída Baarová, Czech actress (b. 1914)
2000 – Andujar Cedeno, Dominican baseball player (b. 1969)
2000 – Carlos Guastavino, Argentine composer (b. 1912)
2001 – Gerard Hengeveld, Dutch composer (b. 1910)
2002 – Margaret Booth, American film editor (b. 1898)
2002 – Erling Persson, Swedish businessman, founded H&M (b. 1917)
2004 – Jimmy McLarnin, Irish boxer (b. 1907)
2005 – Eugene K. Bird, American army officer (b. 1926)
2005 – Bob Broeg, American journalist (b. 1918)
2005 – Raymond Hains, French photographer (b. 1926)
2005 – Tony Jackson, American basketball player (b. 1942)
2005 – Fernando Quejas, Cape Verdean singer-songwriter (b. 1922)
2005 – Richard Smalley, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1943)
2005 – Ljuba Tadić, Serbian actor (b. 1929)
2006 – Red Auerbach, American basketball coach (b. 1917)
2006 – Trevor Berbick, Jamaican boxer (b. 1955)
2006 – Marijohn Wilkin, American songwriter (b. 1920)
2007 – Jimmy Makulis, Greek singer (b. 1935)
2007 – Porter Wagoner, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1927)
2010 – Liang Congjie, Chinese historian and activist, founded Friends of Nature (b. 1932)
2010 – Gerard Kelly, Scottish actor (b. 1959)
2010 – James MacArthur, American actor (b. 1937)
2010 – Jonathan Motzfeldt, Greenlandic politician, 1st Prime Minister of Greenland (b. 1938)
2010 – Ehud Netzer, Israeli archaeologist (b. 1934)
2012 – Gordon Bilney, Australian politician (b. 1939)
2012 – Jack Dellal, English businessman (b. 1923)
2012 – Ernst Heinrich Karlen, Swiss-Zimbabwean archbishop (b. 1922)
2012 – Kevin Reilly, American politician (b. 1928)
2012 – George Riashi, Greek bishop (b. 1933)

Holidays and observances

Christian Feast Day:
Day of the Establishment of an Independent Czecho-Slovak State, celebrates the independence of Czechoslovakia from Austria-Hungary in 1918. (Czech Republic and Slovakia)
International Animation Day (ASIFA)
Ochi Day (Greece, Cyprus and the Greek communities)
Prefectural Earthquake Disaster Prevention Day (Gifu Prefecture)
Youth Pledge Day or Hari Sumpah Pemuda (Indonesia)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: October 28

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: October 28

October 28 Ultimate Study Guide