Östergötland

Östergötland
Östergötland
; Flag	; Coat of arms
Country	Sweden
Land	Götaland
Counties	Östergötland County; Örebro County
Area
• Total	3,856 km2 (1,489 sq mi)
Population (2009)
• Total	424,333
• Density	110/km2 (290/sq mi)
Ethnicity
• Language	Östgötska; Götamål
• Dialect	{{{demographics1_info2}}}
Culture
• Flower	Cornflower
• Animal	—
• Bird	Mute swan
• Fish	Pike
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Postal codes

Östergötland, English exonym: East Gothland,² is one of the traditional provinces of Sweden (landskap in Swedish) in the south of Sweden. It borders Småland, Västergötland, Närke, Södermanland, and the Baltic Sea. In older English literature, one might also encounter the Latinized version, Ostrogothia. The corresponding administrative county, Östergötland County, covers the entire province and parts of neighbouring provinces.

Heraldry

From 1560, Östergötland was represented with two separate coat-of-arms seals until 1884, when the current one was granted. The coat of arms is represented with a ducal coronet. Blazon: "Gules a Griffin with Dragon Wings, Tail and Tongue rampant Or armed, beaked, langued and membered Azure between four Roses Argent."

Geography

Typical Östgöta plains

From west to east, in the middle parts, extends the Östgöta Plain (Östgöta-slätten). It is largely agricultural. In the southern part of the province, the terrain becomes marked by the south-Swedish highlands, with hills and countless lakes. The northern parts are also hilly, and are otherwise dominated by forests.

Outside the eastern shore of Östergötland lies an archipelago, the islands and islets of which cover an area of 118 square kilometres (46 sq mi). The Bråviken bay continues further into the country. Some of the more notable islands are Korsö, Gränsö, Arkö, Djursö, Yxnö, Finnö, Emtö, Fångö and Stora Ålö.

Traditionally, the region is divided into two halves, east and west of the river Stångån (Östanstång and Västanstång respectively), which flows from the south into Lake Roxen at Linköping.

The eastern part of Göta Canal traverses the province from the Baltic Sea at Mem to Lake Vättern at Motala.

Highest mountain: Stenabohöjden, 327 meters (1,073 ft)
Largest lake: Vättern (second-largest lake of Sweden)

Towns

The Palace in Finspång

Cities and the year of their now defunct royal charter.

Linköping (1287)
Mjölby (1922)
Motala (1881)
Norrköping (1384)
Skänninge (approximately 1200)
Söderköping (approximately 1200)
Vadstena (approximately 1400)

Today, the largest city in the province is Linköping, with Norrköping second. Skänninge is one of the oldest areas but small; Vadstena is also small. Additional towns without a royal charter that have emerged in the 20th century are Finspång and Åtvidaberg.

History

The church tower at Bjälbo.

The earliest mention of Östergötland (the Ostrogoths of Scandza) appears in the Getica by the Goth scholar Jordanes.

The traditions of Östergötland date back into the Viking age, the undocumented Iron Age, and earlier, when this region had its own laws and kings (see Geatish kings and Wulfings). It is said that the famous Viking warrior Beowulf may likely have been from what is now the Östergötland region. The region kept its own laws, the Östgötalagen, into the Middle Ages. Östergötland belonged to the Christian heartland of the late Iron Age and early medieval Sweden. The Sverker and Bjälbo dynasties played pivotal roles in the consolidation of Sweden.

The province has about 50,000 ancient remains of different kinds. Some 1,749 are, for instance, grave fields.

Industry was formerly most significant in the cities of Norrköping (industries include Ericsson), Linköping (where SAAB has aircraft factories where the Gripen fighter is produced), Finspång (metal works), and Motala (mechanical industries).

Dukes and Duchesses of Östergötland

Since the 13th century, Swedish princes and princesses in some dynasties have been created dukes and duchesses of various provinces. Since 1772, these are only nominal titles.

Sune Sik, Duke of Östergötland 12th century (according to 18th century Swedish historian Magnus Boræn)
Magnus, created Duke of Östergötland by his father King Gustav I
Prince John, Duke of Östergötland
- Princess Maria Elizabeth, Duchess of Östergötland as consort and widow of Prince John
Prince Fredrik Adolph, Duke of Östergötland
Prince Oscar, Duke of Östergötland before his accession to the throne as King Oscar II
- Princess Sophia, as the consort of Prince Oscar and before his accession to the throne
Prince Carl, Duke of Östergötland
Princess Estelle, Duchess of Östergötland since 24 February 2012

Culture

Local accents

Formerly the östgöta [øɧːøta] or [øɧœːta] dialect spectrum were considered true göta dialects, but is nowadays considered being a transition area between true göta dialects and svea dialects. The dialects are still used in rural areas, but in the cities, the Standard Swedish is spoken with a certain östgöta accent.

The accent Östgötska [øɧːøtska] can be distinguished from Standard Swedish just by accent and pronunciation of vowels ad sje- and the- sounds, which makes Östgöta accent an eastern variety of the Götaland accent. In some parts bordering to Södermanland, a variety of the Svealand accent is spoken.

Sights

The Provincial Museum in Linköping

In Östergötland several older churches are still standing and many castles and palaces are open to the public. Ekenäs Castle, one of the best preserved renaissance castles in Sweden, has belonged to the families Sture and Banér. Löfstad Castle has its origin in the early 17th century, having belonged to the von Fersen family. Vadstena Castle, built by the Royal Vasa dynasty 1545–620, is a combined fortress and renaissance castle.

Vreta Abbey was the first convent to be established in Sweden, dating from the early 12th century, while Vadstena Abbey was the dominant convent in Medieval Sweden. Notable is also the ruins of the Alvastra Abbey near mountain Omberg and Lake Tåkern.

The cathedral in Linköping is the second largest church in Sweden and is very well preserved from the Middle Age.

The Göta Canal crosses the province East-West with several locks and the Kinda Canal connects the lakes in the southern parts of the province with the central plains.

Övralid Manor was the last home of Nobel Prize laureate Verner von Heidenstam 1925–40.

There are several museums in all parts of the province, for example the Swedish Broadcasting Museum, Swedish Air Force Museum, Sancta Birgitta Convent Museum, Museum of Work and the Motala Motor Museum.

The Rök Runestone is one of the most famous runestones, featuring the longest known runic inscription in stone. It can now be seen by the church in Rök (between Mjölby and Ödeshög, close to the E4 and Lake Vättern). It is considered the first piece of written Swedish literature and thus it marks the beginning of the history of Swedish literature.

Winter scene at Ekenäs Castle	Former Industrial landscape in Norrköping	Övralid Manor, with view over Lake Vättern
The Göta Canal at Söderköping	Tidersrum Church, the oldest wooden church in Sweden	Vadstena Castle in Vadstena